ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL ISSUES IN FINANCE

WHAT IS BUSINESS ?

A business is an organisation or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities. business can be for profit organisation that operate to fulfill a charitable mission or future a social.

The term business also refers to the organized efforts and activities of individuals to produce and sell goods and service for profit. business range in scale from a sole properties to an international corporation. Several lines of theory are engaged with understanding business administration including organizational behavior, organization theory , and strategic management.

WHAT IS ETHICS

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology. 

Ethics seeks to resolves questions of human mortality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong ,virtue and vice, justice and crime .as a field of intellectual inquiry,moral philosophy also is related to fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory.

 WHAT IS UNETHICAL

• The financial service Authority's probe into unethical and illegal trading is focusing on the top 20 fund managers of unit trust companies.

• Complaints allege board members board members acted unethically by asking an intermediary to arrange a meeting with judge responsible for case.

ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL ISSUES IN FINANCE

 UNETHICAL ISSUES IN FINANCE :

The unethical practices in accounting are more in proprietary, partnership and private limited companies. It is at lower levels in public limited companies and MNCs.

UNETHICAL PRACTICES IN FINANCE 

• Deliberate abnormal delays in payments to (a) Vendors, (b) Dealers commissions and promotions costs.
• Delays in playing wage, interest to financiers, incentive, bonus to employees. 
• Holding up bills of vendors on silly reasons and ultimately buying from others to avoid payment to earlier vendors.
• Not prompt in statutory payments of ESI, PF, Sales Tax and Excise Duties.
• Cheating employees of their dues towards medical expenses, leave travels  assistance, children education fees etc. 
• Opening of current accounts in different banks to avoid adjusting against loans by earlier bankers.
• Creating bogus bills of purchases to show higher costs and hence losses to avoid bonus payments to employees.
• Collecting loans from private financiers at higher rate of  interest to help kith and kin and to get kick banks.
• Quick release of payments to known or adjusting parties and delaying payment to others. 
• Taking private finance only from those who are ready to do personal favours to the finance department head.

ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL ISSUES IN FINANCE

WHAT IS BUSINESS ETHICS ?

• Business ethics is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that can arise in a business environment. it applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. 
• These ethics originate from individuals, organizational statements or from the legal system. These norms, values, ethical, and  unethical practices are the principles that guide a business. They help those business maintain a better connection with their stakeholders. 

• The principals and standards that determine acceptable conduct in business organisation .
• Is a form of  professional ethics that examines ethical problems and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment.
• Business ethics focuses on what constitutes right or wrong behaviors in the world of business.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN FINANCE 

• Financial Statements 
• financial Markets 
• insider Trading
• hostile Takeovers

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

• The ethical dilemmas that accountants sometimes face includes conflicts of interest, payroll confidentially, illegal or fraudulent activities, pressure from managements to inflate earnings, and clients who request manipulation of financial statements. 
• preparing and maintaining precise and reliable financial statements is the essence of fair financial reporting. Fraudulent asset valuation happen when companies utilize off-balance to show minimal income. These are the financial statements.

FINANCIAL MARKETS

• Ethical issues in financial Markets is Municipal Bond Trading, institutional investing, Moral Leadership etc. Ethical issues sometimes occur not because people are evil or even greedy, but because the way in which their view a situation belies its ethical import. 

INSIDER TRADING

• Insider trading has managed to earn itself a dreadful name in the years. People who engage in insider trading are though to be completely devoid of ethical values. However, not all individuals who engage in insider trading are unethical; studies have shown that some insider trading are useful to the investment society. Some researchers in philosophy , law and economics have not decided whether the insider  trading should be illegal in all situations. The best thing is to do is to detach those who are illegally harmed by insider trading. If such people exit, then obviously worded legislation could be passed to stop any scheme from being for being faithful against these people and groups, while allowing non-fraudulent transaction to be completed without dread of action. Until it can obviously be shown that an insider training fraudulently harms an individual rights, it will also destroy the competition between the people and the company, and will most likely have a negative market response. 

HOSTILE TAKEOVER 

• Ethical issues relating to hostile takeovers.

  The field of business is considered as one of the most important sector in society. it is the one responsible i providing the goods and services that almost all the people need to survive. The business sector also greatly contributes to the economic robustness of a country in terms of the income that it accumulates because of the local and foreign operation within this sector.

Nevertheless, the nature of the business sector operates under very stiff competition. 

Hostile  takeover is defined as a "type of corporate takeover which is carried out against the wishes of the board of the target company" This is an unusual kind of acquisition because it does not take place nearly as much as friendly takeover, where in to companies work together as they deem that the takeover is beneficial for both parties. Hostile takeover can be risky for the company who will takeover  especially at the event that it falls to acquire the necessary and relevant information regarding the target company.